Micronutrients are essential nutrients that the body needs in small amounts to function optimally. They play a crucial role in numerous physiological processes, including growth, immune function, metabolism and the maintenance of health. Micronutrients are divided into two main categories: Vitamins and minerals. Vitamins are organic compounds that the body cannot produce itself and must therefore obtain from food. A distinction is made between fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K) and water-soluble vitamins (such as the B vitamins and vitamin C). Each vitamin has specific functions. For example, vitamin C is important for the immune system and wound healing, while B vitamins play a central role in energy metabolism. Minerals are inorganic substances that are also essential for health. These include macrominerals such as calcium, magnesium and potassium as well as microminerals such as iron, zinc and selenium. These minerals are involved in various bodily functions, such as bone formation, muscle function and the regulation of blood pressure. A balanced diet rich in fruit, vegetables, wholegrain products, nuts and seeds helps to meet micronutrient requirements. Malnutrition or restricted diets can lead to deficiencies that can manifest themselves in health complaints. For example, an iron deficiency can lead to anemia, while a lack of vitamin D can increase the risk of osteoporosis. A varied and balanced diet is the best way to ensure that the body receives all the nutrients it needs to stay vital and healthy.